Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
From subsea power cable to small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula - Behavioural effects of electromagnetic fields in tank experiments Hermans, A.; Maris, T.; Hubert, J.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
An egg case study: chronic exposure to AC electromagnetic fields results in hyperactivity in thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) embryos Hermans, A.; Maas, D.; Neta, L.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Exploring the impact of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: A behavioural and physiological perspective Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Makaras, T. ; Normant-Saremba, M.; et al. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, EMF Invertebrates
Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies Sun, P.; Jiang, Z.; Chen, Y.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two marine fishes Xu, P.; Wang, B.; Wang, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Electromagnetic fields and diadromous fish spawning migration: An urgent call for knowledge Verhelst, P.; Pauwels, I.; Pohl, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Marine Fish Passage: Underappreciated Threats to Connectivity Within the Marine Environment Lennox, R.; Birnie-Gauvin, K.; Bate, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the Dutch Continental Shelf Hermans, A.; Winter, H.; Gill, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J.; Jaco, E.; Scholz, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E.; Rochas, C.; Piper, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Introducing energy into marine environments: A lab-scale static magnetic field submarine cable simulation and its effects on sperm and larval development on a reef forming serpulid Oliva, M.; De Marchi, L.; Cuccaro, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Experiment on the Marine Benthic Foraminiferal Species Amphistegina lessonii Rebecchi, F.; Lattanzi, D.; Abramovich, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B.; Henschenmacher, B.; Kattnig, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Białowąs, M.; Otremba, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Harsanyi, P.; Scott, K.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Magnetic fields generated by the DC cables of offshore wind farms have no effect on spatial distribution or swimming behavior of lesser sandeel larvae (Ammodytes marinus) Cresci, A.; Perrichon, P.; Durif, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Better utilisation and transparency of bird data collected by powerline companies Kettel, E.; Thaxter, C.; Oppel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Scott, K.; Harsanyi, P.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Map-like use of Earth’s magnetic field in sharks Keller, B.; Putnam, N.; Grubbs, R.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
A call to assess the impacts of electromagnetic fields from subsea cables on the movement ecology of marine migrants Klimley, A.; Putnam, N.; Keller, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: considerations for marine renewable energy development Hutchison, Z.; Gill, A.; Sigray, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
An Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Extracting Marine Renewable Energy in the Coastal Environment of the Black Sea Zburlea, L.; Rusu, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Effects of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the behaviour of larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Jakubowska, M.; Greszkiewicz, M.; Fey, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, EMF Fish
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
The Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms Hutchison, Z.; Secor, D.; Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates Albert, L.; Deschamps, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species Hutchison, Z.; Gill, A.; Sigray, P.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis Zhang, M.; Wang, J.; Sun, Q.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) Taormina, B.; Di Poi, C.; Agnalt, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Legal & Policy
Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor Jakubowska, M.; Urban-Malinga, B.; Otremba, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Electroreception in marine fishes: chondrichthyans Newton, K.; Gill, A.; Kajiura, S. Journal Article EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Potential effects of electrical energy transmission - the case study from the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea) Otremba, Z.; Jakubowska, M.; Urban-Malinga, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Magnetoreception in fish Formicki, K.; Korzelecka-Orkisz, A.; Tański, A. Journal Article EMF Fish
Are magnetic and electromagnetic fields of anthropogenic origin potential threats to early life stages of fish? Fey, D.; Jakubowska, M.; Greszkiewicz, M.; et al. Journal Article EMF Pelagic Fish, Fish

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