The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary | Phillips, E.; Wren, S.; King, G.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Sustainability Assessment of an Oscillating Water Column During the Design, Installation, Operation, and Disassembly Phases | Gallego-Ramírez, C.; López-Mosquera, J.; Chica, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
| Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy | Lee, S.; Strong, V.; Anning, D.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
| Exploring the impact of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: A behavioural and physiological perspective | Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Makaras, T. ; Normant-Saremba, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Invertebrates | ||
| A Fuzzy Logic Technique for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Power Plants | Flores, P.; Mendoza, E. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts | |
| Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 | Smith, K. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast | Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World | OES-Environmental | Report | Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Assessing the Ecological and Social Impact of Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Study | Rottbers, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Fish and Invertebrates | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates | |
| NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application | Siddiqi, K.; Kramer, S.; Schneider, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
| Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
| Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER; Green, R.; Hein, C.; et al. | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
| International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Balancing future renewable energy infrastructure siting and associated habitat loss for migrating whooping cranes | Ellis, K.; Pearse, A.; Brandt, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
| Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset | Johnson, A.; Dawson, C.; Conners, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
| Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
| European Scalable Offshore Renewable Energy Source (EU-SCORES) | Francisco Correia da Fonseca | Research Study | Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
| Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 | Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment | |
| Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America | ten Brink, T.; Dalton, T.; Livermore, J. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
| OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World | Copping, A.; Hemery, L. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data | |
| Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy | Copping, A.; Freeman, M.; Overhus, D. | Report | Marine Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| Evaluation of Potential EMF Effects on Fish Species of Commercial or Recreational Fishing Importance in Southern New England | Snyder, D.; Bailey, W.; Palmquist, K.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub | Greaves, D. | Research Study | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation | Mayer-Pinto, M.; Cole, V.; Johnston, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Avoidance, Attraction | Invertebrates | |
| Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Potential Impact of Submarine Power Cables on Crab Harvest | Bull, A.; Nishimoto, M. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Invertebrates | |
| Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Adaptable Monitoring Package (AMP) | Polagye, B.; Stewart, A.; Joslin, J.; et al. | Research Study | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Construction and Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan Block Island Wind Farm | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
| Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators | Philpott, E. | Thesis | Marine Energy, Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Cetaceans, Physical Environment | |
| Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review | Bat, L.; Sezgin, M.; Sahin, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
| Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment | |
| Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
| Environmental effect studies – Status more than two years after the erection of Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms | Boesen, C.; Andersen, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| Bouw en exploitatie van een windmolenpark op de Thorntonbank in de Noordzee: Milieueffectenbeoordeling van het project ingediend door de n.v. C-Power | Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | |
| Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area | Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction | Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish |
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