Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.

Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas: challenges and opportunities to strengthen international environmental and renewable energy governance Soria-Rodríguez, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets de Vasconcelos, R.; Silva, L.; Gonzalez, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
The current state on China's marine energy industry policy Ni, N. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Blue energy in China: exploring the prospects and development path for marine renewable energy industries Wang, J.; Wu, W.; Wang, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals Jack, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conflicts between Fisheries and Offshore Wind Power in Taiwan: Legal and Administrative Prospects Tseng, H.; Kao, S-C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Spatial study North Seas 2030 – offshore wind development Royal Haskoning Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for Offshore Wind Projects: Spatial and Temporal Considerations in Light of Fisheries Sustainability amid Climate Change Al Arif, A.; Anchustegui, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Public dialogue as a collaborative planning process for offshore wind energy projects: Implications from a text analysis of a South Korean case Park, S.; Yun, S.; Cho, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Powering the Blue Economy: An Assessment of Marine Renewable Energies Guduru, S.; Narula, K. Book Chapter Marine Energy, OTEC, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Mitigating Negative Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy on Biodiversity: The Role of International Environmental Law Marauhn, T.; Böhringer, A-M.; Jaś-Nowopolska, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
"We could have been leaders": The rise and fall of offshore wind energy on the political agenda in Ireland Roux, J-P.; Fitch-Roy, O.; Devine-Wright, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E.; Florent, S.; Venosta, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Case study on the novel permitting and authorization of PacWave South, a US grid-connected wave energy test facility: Development, challenges, and insights Freeman, M.; O'Neil, R.; Garavelli, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect Voigt, C.; Kaiser, K.; Look, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive Merchant, N.; Putland, R.; André, M.; et al. Journal Article Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wave energy: history, implementations, environmental impacts, and economics Li, H.; Sun, X.; Zhou, H. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Chemicals, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Decommissioning of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations in Scottish waters or in the Scottish part of the Renewable Energy Zone under The Energy Act 2004 The Scottish Government Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Hawkeye State Headwinds: A Case Study of Local Opposition and Siting Challenges for Large Scale Wind Development in Iowa Kelly, C.; Nelson, S.; Herter, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
End of Life Materials Mapping for Offshore Wind in Scotland Bennet, L.; Spyroudi, A.; Stevenson, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
State-of-the-art review of the flexibility and feasibility of emerging offshore and coastal ocean energy technologies in East and Southeast Asia Li, M.; Luo, H.; Zhou, S.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
“After the leases are signed, it's a done deal”: Exploring procedural injustices for utility-scale wind energy planning in the United States Elmallah, S.; Rand, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
A comparative study of laws and policies on supporting marine energy development in China and Korea Ko, D.; Ge, Y.; Park, J.S.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore wind power - the new trend for economic development and security of island sovereignty Doan, T.; Tran, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Good Practice Guidance for assessing fisheries displacement by other licensed marine activities: Literature Review Xodus Group Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Environmental Impacts of Global Offshore Wind Energy Development until 2040 Li, C.; Mogollón, J.; Tukker, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
An ecosystem-based natural capital evaluation framework that combines environmental and socio-economic implications of offshore renewable energy developments Trifonova, N.; Scott, B.; Griffin, R.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Key factors influencing onshore wind energy development: A case study from the German North Sea region Kiunke, T.; Gemignani, N.; Malheiro, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Last Stop to 2025: A 2022 Action Plan to deliver on the Offshore Strategy’s Ocean Energy Target Collombet, R. Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guideline for underwater noise: Installation of impact or vibratory driven piles Danish Energy Agency Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Impact of innovation in marine energy generation, distribution, or transmission-related technologies on carbon dioxide emissions in the United States Liguo, X.; Ahmad, M.; Khattak, S. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M.; Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) in the Tropics: An Overview of MRE Potential in Oaxaca, Mexico Oman, J. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
Future offshore wind scenarios: an assessment of deployment drivers Arup Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Review and outlook on the international renewable energy development Zhao, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
ORJIP Ocean Energy Information Note: Data Transferability Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
ORJIP Ocean Energy Information Note: Background Information Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Decommissioning Offshore Wind Facilities Fernandez, K.; Middleton, P.; Salerno, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
It Is a Balancing Act: The Interface of Scientific Evidence and Policy in Support of Effective Marine Environmental Management Lonsdale, J.; Gill, A.; Alliji, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2021 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Marine Energy in the Dutch North Sea White Paper: Potential benefits to the Dutch energy system Tocardo B.V. Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
The Interplay Between EU Law and Regional Sea Conventions: Shaping Environmental Protection in Relation to Offshore Energy Production Across Europe? Giannopoulos, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine Renewable Energy in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: International Regulation and Legal Challenges Melnychenko, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A strategic policy framework for promoting the marine energy sector in Spain Vazquez, S.; Astariz, S.; Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits Dalthorp, D.; Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy

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