Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluation of Wind‐Energy Survey Protocols for Migrating Eagle Detection Chabot, E.; Slater, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; Czapanskiy, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Assessment of Potential Risks from Renewable Energy Development and Other Anthropogenic Factors to Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States Craig, E. ; Fuller, Mark.; Craig, T.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Empirical measures of harbor seal behavior and avoidance of an operational tidal turbine Joy, R.; Wood, J.; Sparling, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J.; Keren, I.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns Aurbach, A.; Schmid, B.; Liechti, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Passerines
Midterm Evaluation WOZEP 2018 Mulder, S.; van Mastrigt, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation Skarin, A.; Sandström, P.; Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality Goller, B.; Blackwell, B.; DeVault, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting Birds
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations Nabe-Nielsen, J.; van Beest, F.; Grimm, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance Barre, K.; Le Viol, I.; Bas, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Long‐term effect of a tidal, hydroelectric propeller turbine on the populations of three anadromous fish species Dadswell, M.; Spares, A.; McIean, M.; et al. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Texturizing Wind Turbine Towers to Reduce Bat Mortality Bennett, V.; Hendrix, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Marine Mammal Behavioral Response to Tidal Turbine Sound Robertson, F.; Wood, J.; Joslin, J.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K.; Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Bird Collisions at Wind Turbines in a Mountainous Area Related to Bird Movement Intensities Measured by Radar Aschwanden, J.; Stark, H.; Peter, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Passerines, Birds
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Evaluating a Novel Approach to Optimize Operational Minimization to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2015 Schirmacher, M.; Prichard, A.; Mabee, T.; et al. Report Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Harbour Seals Avoid Tidal Turbine Noise: Implications for Collision Risk Hastie, G.; Russell, D.; Lepper, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot Millon, L.; Colin, C.; Brescia, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Bats
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa Jenkins, A.; Reid, T.; du Plessis, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments Laranjeiro, T.; May, R.; Verones, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Hearing thresholds, for underwater sounds, of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) swimming at the water surface Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Terhune, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) around an operational tidal turbine in Strangford Narrows: No barrier effect but small changes in transit behaviour Sparling, C.; Lonergan, M.; McConnell, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre Lange, C.; Ballard, B.; Collins, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation Mayer-Pinto, M.; Cole, V.; Johnston, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Avoidance, Attraction Invertebrates
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden Langhamer, O.; Dahlgren, T.; Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) da Costa, G.; Paula, J.; Petrucci-Fonseca, F.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Avian Monitoring and Mortality Report at the National Wind Technology Center: January 2010 - February 2011 Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds

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