TY - RPRT TI - Reef-building species and biogenic reef enhancement in the Dutch North Sea AU - Sas, H AU - van Duren, L AU - Herman, P AU - van der Have, T AU - Kamermans, P AU - Bos, O AU - Kingma, E AU - Bouma, T AU - Kardinaal, E AB - This report is commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, as basis component of its North Sea ecosystem improvement program (incl. species protection). Scope of the report is the description of biogenic reef species and the potential for biogenic reef enhancement or restoration in the Dutch part of the open North Sea (the non-coastal area of the ‘Exclusive Economic Zone’, or EEZ, of The Netherlands). The following species and their relevance as ‘reef-builders’ in the EEZ are discussed:• The bivalve shellfish European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis).• The annelids sand mason worm (Lanice conchilega) and Ross worm (Sabellaria spinulosa). DA - 2023/07// PY - 2023 PB - Deltares (NL) UR - https://www.noordzeeloket.nl/ LA - English KW - Habitat Change KW - Invertebrates KW - Environmental Impact Assessment ER -